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房屋查勘主要是依靠工具、仪器和检查人员的经验来检查房屋的各种功能与设备的工作情况,从而判断房屋的技术、安全状态,确定房屋等级,及时发现房屋结构存在的各种隐患和使用功能上的障碍,制定养护或修理方案.制定房屋查勘方案,一般程序采取“从外部到内部,从屋顶到底层,从承重结构到非承重构件,从表面到隐蔽,从局部到整体”.房屋查勘的方法一般有:直观检查方法、仪器仪表检查法、计算分析法、荷载试验法、重复观测检查法等.房屋查勘时往往需要同时或交叉使用以上几种方法.所用的工具不局限于线坠、钢卷尺、凿子、靠尺和电筒等,随着科学技术的发展,水准议、经纬仪、回弹仪等将被使用,对于现场测定钢结构及钢筋混凝土结构的强度来说,应力应变仪、超声检测仪也不断地应用到房屋查勘工作中.
Housing survey mainly depends on the experience of tools, instruments and inspectors to check the various functions of the house and the working conditions of the equipment, so as to judge the technical and safety status of the house, determine the housing grade, and promptly discover various hidden dangers and uses of the housing structure. Functional barriers, development of maintenance or repair programs. Development of housing survey programs, the general procedure to take “from the outside to the inside, from the roof to the bottom, from the load-bearing structure to non-load-bearing components, from the surface to covert, from the local to the whole”. Survey methods generally include: visual inspection methods, instrumentation inspection methods, calculation analysis methods, load test methods, repeated observation inspection methods, etc.. Housing survey often requires simultaneous or cross-use of the above methods. The tools used are not limited to the line Falling, steel tape measures, chisels, rulers, flashlights, etc., along with the development of science and technology, water levelers, theodolites, and rebound meters will be used. For the on-site determination of the strength of steel structures and reinforced concrete structures, stress strain gauges Ultrasonic detectors have also been applied to housing surveys.