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1907年8月,英俄经过1年多的谈判签订了关于波斯、阿富汗、西藏问题的中亚协定。欧洲因这个谈判的成功而分成了两个对垒的帝国主义集团,1815年维也纳会议以来的多极均势变为两极均势。欧洲在这个时期大国会议、谈判、条约何其多,却都没有出现1907年英俄协定之后这样的一种局面。何以英俄解决它们之间的中亚争端会对欧洲均势结构产生如此大的影响,并促成了1904年英法协约业已开始的欧洲国家重组过程呢?它们在中亚跨越两个世纪的大角逐(great game),少说也有80来年且经常支配着两国关系的趋向,①到1906年谈判时中亚问题又在它们两国外交中占据怎样的地位?本文试图从这些问题的视角,探讨英俄协约谈判的起因,即1904—1906年英俄关系的演变及其原因。
In 1907 August, Britain and Russia signed the agreement on the Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet after more than one year of negotiations. As a result of the success of this negotiation, Europe was divided into two opposing imperialist groups, and the multi-polar balance of power since the 1815 Vienna Conference turned into a bipolar. In Europe, during this meeting of big powers, with more talks and treaties, there was no such situation after the 1907 British-Russian agreement. How the British-Russian dispute over Central Asia between them would have such a big impact on the balance of power in Europe and helped shape the European reorganization process that the Anglo-French agreement had begun in 1904? They were in the race of two centuries in Central Asia great game), say less, there are 80 years and often dominate the trend of the relationship between the two countries, ① the Central Asia issue occupied the status of diplomatic diplomacy between the two countries in the 1906 negotiations? This article attempts to explore from the perspective of these issues The Causes of the Negotiations of Russian Compact, ie the Evolution of the Relationship between Britain and Russia in 1904-1906 and the Reasons.