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目的 研究和选择更经济、有效的适合目前嗜人按蚊分布区控制疟疾暴发流行的防治措施以及在暴发流行已得到初步控制后疟疾疫点的控制和监测措施。 方法 采用现场试点研究方法对不同疟疾控制和监测措施进行费用 -效果评价和分析。 结果 采用传染源控制结合媒介控制措施的王店乡的报告发病率、血检阳性率和年带虫发病率均显著低于采用单一传染源控制措施的桂五镇 ,嗜人按蚊密度和中华按蚊密度也明显低于桂五镇 ;传染源控制结合杀虫剂浸帐措施和传染源控制结合杀虫剂浸泡蚊帐加畜舍喷洒措施对于控制嗜人按蚊媒介区的疟疾局部暴发流行均可取得明显的防治效果。但前者费用仅为后者费用的 5 5 %。在暴发点和局部暴发流行得到初步控制后 ,继续进行疟疾监测并对疫点采取传染源控制措施与采用传染源控制结合媒介控制的综合措施的防治效果相似 ,但前者所需费用则明显低于后者。 结论 媒介控制措施对于控制嗜人按蚊媒介区的局部暴发流行具有重要意义 ,采用传染源控制结合杀虫剂浸帐措施较经济、有效。在暴发流行得到初步控制后 ,传染源的监测和及时控制则成为疟疾防治的重点。对疫点仅采取传染源控制措施较为经济、有效。
Objective To study and select a more economical and effective control measures suitable for the control of the outbreak of malaria in the current anopheles anthropoid area and the control and monitoring of malaria outbreaks after the outbreak has been initially controlled. Methods An on-site pilot study was conducted to evaluate cost-effectiveness of different malaria control and surveillance measures. Results The reported incidence, the positive rate of blood tests and the incidence of annual parasites in Wangdian township using infection source control and media control measures were significantly lower than those in Guiwu Township, Anopheles anthropophagus and China The density of Anopheles mosquitoes was also significantly lower than that of Gui Wu Zhen. Control of infective agents combined with insecticide infiltration measures and infection source control combined with insecticide-treated mosquito nets plus barn spraying measures were effective for control of the local outbreak of malaria in the anthropophagus- Obtain significant control effect. However, the former costs only 55% of the latter’s fees. Following initial control of outbreaks and local outbreaks, the continuation of malaria surveillance and the control of contagious sources of infection were similar to those of integrated controls using vector control with vector control, but the cost of the former was significantly lower than the latter. Conclusion The media control measures are of great importance in controlling the outbreak of the local outbreak of Anopheles anthropophagus. It is more economical and effective to use the infection source to control the insecticide infiltration. After the initial outbreak control has been obtained, the monitoring and timely control of sources of infection have become the focus of malaria control. It is more economical and effective to adopt only source control measures against epidemic sites.