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根据试验研究和生产实践,以我国栽培的几种主要农作物为例介绍液氨直接施肥技术研究试验在农业上的几项成果即液氨施肥的增产效果,施用的合理用量,氮、磷的合理配比,液氨施肥对作物品质的影响,液氨施肥与作物的抗病虫害性能和液氨作基肥、追肥及随灌溉水冲施的效果等.一、主要作物液氨直接施肥与等氮量固体氮肥增产效果比较为了研究增产机理,给液氨直接施肥技术的发展提供科学依据,新疆农垦科学院水土所利用同位素~(15)N标记技术,对农作物进行氮素的吸收利用,氮素的平衡以及不同氮肥增产效果的试验研究.供试土壤为灌溉灰漠土,供试肥料为上海化工研究院以~(15)N标记的液氨、尿素和碳铵,供试作物为小麦.用制成的无底方框(20厘米×20厘米×30厘米)埋入试验田.设计四个处理即对照(不施氮肥)、~(15)N液氮(0.1克含氮0.82克)、~(16)N尿素(1.8克含氮0.82克)、~(16)N碳铵(4.8克含氮0.82克).新疆石河子农业科技中心针对同一问题1984—1986年进行三年重复试验,取得了可靠的试验资料.设计五个处理是按每亩15公斤纯氮折算液氨亩施18.25公斤,尿素亩施32.6公斤,硝酸铵亩施44.1公斤,碳酸氢铵亩施88.25公斤,及对照(不施肥).
According to experimental research and production practice, taking several main crops cultivated in our country as an example, this paper introduces several research achievements of liquid ammonia fertilization, including liquid ammonia fertilization, rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus, Liquid ammonia fertilization on crop quality, liquid ammonia fertilization and plant pest resistance and liquid ammonia as basal fertilizer, top dressing and irrigation with irrigation water effect, etc .. First, the main crop liquid ammonia fertilizer and nitrogen In order to study the mechanism of yield increase, this study provided a scientific basis for the development of liquid ammonia fertilization technology. The Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences utilized isotope ~ (15) N labeling technology to absorb and utilize nitrogen and nitrogen balance And the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on soil fertility.The experimental soil was irrigated with gray desert soil, and the tested fertilizers were liquid ammonia, urea and ammonium bicarbonate marked by ~ (15) N at Shanghai Institute of Chemical Industry, and the tested crop was wheat (20 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm) into the experimental field.The four treatments were designed as control (no nitrogen fertilizer), ~ (15) N liquid nitrogen (0.1 g nitrogen 0.82 g), ~ 16) N urea (1.8 g nitrogen 0.82 (16) N ammonium bicarbonate (4.8 g nitrogen 0.82 g) Xinjiang Shihezi Agricultural Science and Technology Center for the same issue 1984-1986 three years of repeated tests and obtained reliable test data designed to deal with five Accompanied by 15 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, 18.25 kg of liquid ammonia fertilizer, 32.6 kg of urea, 44.1 kg of ammonium nitrate, 88.25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and a control (no fertilization) were applied.