目的: 探讨水泥粉尘对作业工人鼻腔的损伤作用。方法: 检查609例水泥粉尘作业工人、416 例矽尘作业工人、及287 例非接尘工人鼻腔疾病患病率及鼻腔粘膜的病理改变。结果: 水泥粉尘接触工人鼻腔疾病患病率明显高于矽尘作业工人及非接尘工人 (P< 0.05)。而且与接触粉尘的浓度、接尘工龄存在接触水平-反应关系。水泥粉尘所致鼻腔疾病主要表现为干燥性鼻炎, 鼻前庭炎, 鼻窦炎, 鼻中隔糜烂、溃疡与矽尘组比较有显著性差异(P< 0.05)。鼻粘膜细胞涂片检查, 水泥尘组鼻粘膜细胞损害较矽尘组、非接尘组严重。结论: 水泥粉尘对作业工人鼻腔有较强的损伤作用 Objective: To investigate the damage effect of cement dust on nasal cavity of workers. Methods: The prevalence of nasal diseases and pathological changes of nasal mucosa were examined in 609 cement dust workers, 416 silicosis workers and 287 non-dust exposed workers. Results: The prevalence of nasal diseases among workers exposed to cement dust was significantly higher than that of workers exposed to silica dust and non-exposed workers (P <0.05). And contact with the concentration of dust, dust exposure age there is a level of contact - response. Cement dust caused by nasal diseases mainly rhinitis, nasosinusitis, sinusitis, nasal septal erosion, ulcer and silica dust group were significantly different (P <0.05). Nasal mucosal smear examination, cement dust group nasal mucosal cell damage than silica dust group, non-dust group serious. Conclusion: Cement dust has a strong damage to the nasal cavity of workers