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黑热病系感染黑热病原虫(即杜氏利什曼小体)所致的地方性慢性传染病。传染源为病人及病犬,有报告狼、狐、猴、田鼠、小白鼠也可成为储存宿主。本病由中华白蛉叮咬作为媒介而传播。蒙古白蛉、硕大白蛉(吴氏亚种)也可能传播本病。直接经口、皮肤破口或输血也可感染而发病。本病在我国主要分布于长江以北的14个省区,成为危害人民健康的五大寄生虫病之一。解放后党和政府对人民健康极为关怀,设立了防治机构,普遍开展了防治工作,经过多年的努力,已于1958年基本上消灭了本病。目前仅在内蒙、新疆等省区可见有少数病例。
The kala-azar strain is endemic chronic infectious disease caused by the infection of the kalaimura parasite (ie, Duchenne Leishmania). Sources of infection for patients and dogs, there are reports wolves, foxes, monkeys, voles, mice can also be a storage host. The disease spread by Chinese bream as a medium. Mongolian whitefly, giant whitefly (Wu subspecies) may also spread the disease. Direct oral, skin break or blood transfusion can also be infected and the disease. The disease is mainly distributed in 14 provinces and autonomous regions north of the Yangtze River in our country, becoming one of the five parasitic diseases that endanger people’s health. After the liberation, the party and government were very concerned about the health of the people, set up prevention and control institutions and carried out prevention and control work in general. After years of hard work, this disease was basically eliminated in 1958. Currently only a few cases can be seen in the provinces of Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.