都督一职在北宋已沦为虚职与州格名,但南宋设置的都督则是统领数路军政实权的军事统帅,对此,马端临谓之“始复魏晋之旧。”概其设置原因,一是由于南宋初年武将的崛起,导致宣抚使这一职名设置本身所蕴含的控驭地方及“以文统武”的作用与意义降低,需要有新职名以取代之。二是战事及政治号召的需要。南宋的都督本是为宰相外出督军所专设,但随着情况的变化,又衍生出督视与同都督二职,授予对象也扩大到两府其他执政群体。在设置特点上,南宋出任都督者绝大多数为两府现任大臣;督府内部权力高度集中;督府可以带两府名号,以两府名义和规格发文行使职权,具有行府的性质,因此权力极大。从宋代自身的制度发展来看,南宋的都督取代了北宋宣抚使在战时体制中的地位,从中国古代军事制度史的演变轨迹来看,南宋的都督与魏晋的都督并不完全相同,而是与魏晋南北朝的行台、隋唐的行台尚书省更有一脉相承的关系。 In the Northern Song Dynasty, the captainship of the captaincy was reduced to the status quo and prefectures, but the commander in chief of the Southern Song Dynasty was the commander in chief who commanded the military and political power of several roads. In this regard, First, the rise of the generals in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty led to the reduction of the role and significance of Xuan Fu in setting the place of control and the “military and civilian control” inherent in this postal establishment, and replacing them with new ones. Second, the need for war and political summons. The capitals of the Southern Song dynasty were exclusively dedicated to the governors who went out for the prime minister. However, as the situation changed, they also gave birth to the two posts of oversight and the same captaincy, and their objects of grant were also extended to other ruling groups of the two governments. In terms of setting characteristics, the vast majority of the Southern Song Dynasty as captains of the two prefectures are currently ministers; authority within the government is highly centralized; the government may take the name of the two capitals to issue power in the name and specifications of the two governments, with the nature of the government, So great power. Judging from the development of its own system in the Song Dynasty, the capitals in the Southern Song Dynasty replaced the place of the Xuan Fu in the Northern Song Dynasty in the system of wartime. Judging from the evolution of the history of the ancient Chinese military system, the capitals in the Southern Song Dynasty and the captains of the Wei and Jin Dynasties were not exactly the same , But rather the line between Taiwan and Taiwan in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the line between Shang and Shu in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.