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目的探析综合干预对哈萨克民族妇女妊娠期缺铁性贫血的作用效果以及对产后胎儿血清铁水平的作用影响。方法选取2013年8月至2014年8月新疆阿勒泰地区人民医院产科诊治的200例哈萨克民族妊娠期缺铁性贫血患者为研究对象,并将其随机分为干预组和对照组各100例,对对照组患者进行健康教育、饮食指导、铁剂补充等治疗,对干预组患者在常规补充铁剂基础上,实施针对哈萨克民族习俗的人文关怀、用药督促及合理膳食指导等综合干预措施。分析对比两组患者治疗后的疗效以及娩出胎儿血清铁水平等。结果干预组患者对于疾病的掌握情况优于对照组(P<0.01),干预组按时服用药物、主动反馈病情及主动配合复查等依从性优于对照组(P均<0.01),且干预组患者经干预后对于饮食的重视程度高于对照组(P<0.01)。两组患者治疗前外周血血红蛋白(HB)、红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血清铁蛋白(SF)水平相当(P均>0.05);干预组患者治疗后期HB、RBC、HCT、SF水平均高于治疗前(P均<0.01),且均高于对照组治疗后(P均<0.01)。干预组娩出胎儿脐带血中HB、RBC、HCT、SF水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论针对哈萨克民族习俗通过人文关怀、用药督促及合理膳食指导等方式建立的综合干预措施有效提高了缺铁性贫血的疗效,由于本研究仅针对哈萨克族妊娠期妇女,对目标地区各族妇女的综合干预尚需进一步考察了解,以制定不同的个体化方案。
Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive intervention on iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy in Kazakh national women and the effect on iron level in postpartum fetus. Methods From August 2013 to August 2014, 200 cases of Kazakh pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy in Altay Prefecture People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into intervention group (100 cases) and control group The patients in the control group were given health education, dietary guidance and iron supplementation. The intervention groups were given comprehensive interventions on humane care, medication supervision and reasonable dietary guidance based on conventional iron supplementation. Analysis and comparison of two groups of patients after treatment efficacy and delivery of fetal serum iron levels. Results The patients in the intervention group had better grasp of the disease than those in the control group (P <0.01). The patients in the intervention group took medicine on time, active feedback and active cooperation were superior to those in the control group (P <0.01) After intervention, the emphasis on diet was higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). The levels of hemoglobin (HB), RBC, HCT and SF in the two groups before treatment were similar (all P> 0.05). HB, RBC, HCT, SF levels were higher than before treatment (P <0.01), and were higher than the control group after treatment (P all <0.01). The levels of HB, RBC, HCT and SF in the umbilical cord blood of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion The comprehensive interventions aimed at the ethnic customs of Kazakhstan through humanistic care, medication supervision and reasonable dietary guidance have effectively improved the efficacy of iron deficiency anemia. Since this study only aims at pregnant women in Kazakh ethnic groups, Comprehensive intervention needs further study to understand, in order to develop different individual programs.