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鲁迅对高尔基的接受经历了一个变动发展的过程,但最终在国民性话语极其内蕴的人道主义思想方面寻绎到了精神上的契合点。鲁迅与高尔基的国民性话语在批判意识和悲剧性方面存在某些差异:鲁迅侧重社会批判,高尔基侧重人性批判;鲁迅国民性话语的悲剧性强于高尔基。同时,受平民意识与底层意识之影响,二者国民性话语又流露出诸多共同质素,具体表现在世俗性、反抗性和人民性三个方面。通过鲁迅与高尔基国民性话语的论析,不仅可以清晰二者人道主义思想的基本特质,而且还可以洞见其人道主义精神的历史价值与当下意义。
Lu Xun’s acceptance of Gorky underwent a process of change and development, but eventually found a spiritual fit in the humanitarian conception of national discourse. There are some differences in the critical consciousness and the tragic aspects of the national discourse of Lu Xun and Gorky: Lu Xun focuses on social criticism and Gorky focuses on the criticism of human nature; and Lu Xun’s national discourse is tragic than Gorky’s. At the same time, under the influence of the common people’s consciousness and the underlying consciousness, the national discourse of the two shows many common qualities, which are manifested in three aspects: secularity, resistance and peopleness. Through the analysis of the discourse of Lu Xun and Gorky, it can not only clarify the basic traits of humanitarianism of both, but also can see the historical value and current significance of its humanitarian spirit.