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目的识别、分析重庆市某天然气制乙炔企业的职业病危害因素,确定其职业病危害的关键控制点。方法采用现场卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测检验方法。结果存在的主要职业病危害因素为噪声、高温、炭黑粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化硫和硫化氢。噪声检测结果显示加热炉、真空鼓风机、乙炔炉、电除尘器、压缩机、泵类的噪声强度大于国家标准限值,个体噪声共检测9人次,8 h等效声级最大值为83.6 dB(A),作业场所中的粉尘和化学毒物检测浓度均低于国家限值标准。结论天然气脱硫、乙炔反应和炭黑分离装置作为天然气制乙炔企业的职业病危害关键控制点,应通过加强关键控制点的职业病危害防治和应急救援处置,降低职业病危害,保护劳动者健康。
Objective To identify and analyze occupational hazards of a natural gas acetylene enterprise in Chongqing and to determine the key control points of its occupational hazards. Methods The field health survey, occupational disease risk factors testing methods. As a result, the main occupational hazards are noise, high temperature, carbon black dust, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The results of noise test showed that the noise intensity of heating furnace, vacuum blower, acetylene furnace, electrostatic precipitator, compressor and pump was greater than the national standard limit. Individual noise was detected a total of 9 times. The maximum value of 8 h equivalent sound level was 83.6 dB A), the concentration of dust and chemical poisons in the workplace are lower than the national limits. Conclusion Natural gas desulfurization, acetylene reaction and carbon black separation unit are the key control points of occupational hazards of natural gas acetylene enterprises. Occupational hazards and emergency rescue should be strengthened to reduce occupational hazards and protect workers’ health.