如何认识公有制经济，一直是社会主义建设过程中人们争论的焦点。本文把邓小平提出的社会主义初级阶段理论作为根本依据，全面分析了坚持公有制为主体，多种所有制形式共同发展的基本经济制度的客观依据。同时也分析了处理好公有制经济与非公有制经济关系的必要性。 How to understand the public ownership economy has always been the focus of debate among people in the process of socialist construction. In this paper, Deng Xiaoping’s theory of the primary stage of socialism as a fundamental basis for a comprehensive analysis of the objective evidence of the basic economic system of public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of various forms of ownership. At the same time, it also analyzes the necessity of handling the relationship between the public-owned economy and the non-public-owned economy.