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用极化曲线法研究了四氯化钛电解的阴极过程。找出了工艺试验中电解过程初期电流效率低的主要原因,并用控制阴极电位或带隔膜的小电解对极化曲线的结果作了验证。此外,还利用工艺试验数据作电量平衡估算验证了极化曲线的结果。结果表明,我国四氯化钛电解工艺试验电流效率低的主要原因是现有工艺制度下阴极筐的电位接近或达到钠的析出电位,处于钛与低价钠和钠共同析出的状态。阴极筐外表面析出的低价钠和钠由于反复的二次反应而降低电效约30～40％。其次,低价钛窜出到阳极区进行二次反应的结果,在较正常的操作条件下约降低电效5～15％。试验还表明,没有隔膜的敝口四氯化钛电解,若控制阴极电位在析钛区,也能获得较高的电流效率。
Polarization curve method was used to study the cathodic process of titanium tetrachloride electrolysis. The main reason for the low current efficiency in the initial stage of the electrolysis process was found out. The results of the polarization curves were verified by using a small electrolysis with cathodic potential control or diaphragm. In addition, the results of the polarization curves were also validated by using process test data for power balance estimation. The results show that the main reason for the low current efficiency of titanium tetrachloride electrolysis test in our country is that the potential of the cathode basket approaches or reaches the deposition potential of sodium under the existing process and is in the condition that titanium and sodium together with sodium are precipitated. The low sodium and sodium precipitated on the outer surface of the cathode basket reduce the electrical efficiency by about 30-40% due to repeated secondary reactions. Secondly, the result of the secondary reaction that the low-price titanium sprays into the anode region reduces the electrical efficiency by about 5% to about 15% under the normal operating conditions. The test also showed that there is no diaphragm of titanium tetrachloride electrolysis, if the control of cathodic potential in the titanium analysis, but also to obtain higher current efficiency.