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【目的】发掘冬小麦品种抗旱种质资源,在两种灌水处理条件下,田间筛选小麦抗旱资源,拓宽新疆冬小麦抗旱遗传育种选择范围。【方法】以4份新疆、16份黄淮麦区冬小麦品种(系)为材料,分别在5次灌水和3次灌水处理条件下,对小麦单株成穗数、株高、穗长、穗基部不育、穗顶部不育、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等9个农艺性状和产量指标进行分析。【结果】两种处理下,20份材料的9个农艺性状总体差异较大,5次灌溉处理下大部分性状的均值高于3次灌溉处理;各个性状的变异系数差异较大;各性状抗旱系数变化在0.75~1.13;产量差异达到显著水平,两种灌水处理下产量都在前7位之内的有山农15号,烟农23号、新冬20号、新冬22号和新冬18号共5个品种;产量都在后6位之内的有山农12号、泰山22号、石4185号、石新616号和石麦18号共5个品种。【结论】适当增加灌水次数可以增加冬小麦产量。尤其是幼苗分蘖和籽粒灌浆成熟期保持充足的水分,对提高冬小麦产量有促进作用。相对黄淮麦区的冬小麦品种,新疆自育的冬小麦品种表现出较强的抗旱性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore drought-resistant germplasm resources of winter wheat cultivars and to screen drought-resistant wheat resources under the two irrigation conditions in order to broaden the selection range of winter wheat drought-resistant genetic breeding in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Four wheat cultivars (lines) from 16 districts of Huanghuai of Xinjiang were used as materials. Five treatments of irrigation and three irrigation treatments were conducted respectively on the heading date, plant height, ear length, panicle length The results showed that there were 9 agronomic traits and yield indexes such as sterility at the base, sterility at the top of the spike, spikelet number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield. 【Result】 Under the two treatments, the overall agronomic traits of 20 cultivars varied greatly. The average of most of the traits under five irrigation treatments was higher than that of three irrigation treatments. The coefficients of variation of the traits varied greatly. The coefficient of variation varied from 0.75 to 1.13; the difference in yield reached a significant level. The yield of Shannon 15, Yannong 23, Xin Dong 20, Xin Dong 22 and Xin Dong 18 A total of five varieties; production is within the last six within Shannon 12, Mount 22, stone 4185, stone 616 and Shimai a total of five varieties. 【Conclusion】 Appropriate increase of irrigation times can increase winter wheat yield. In particular, tillering of seedlings and grain filling maturity to maintain adequate moisture, to promote winter wheat yield. Compared with the winter wheat cultivars in Huanghuai region and the winter wheat cultivars in Xinjiang, the winter wheat cultivars showed strong drought resistance.