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目前我国牛肉仅出口到俄罗斯和中东,无法打入西欧和北美市场,主要原因在于我国牛肉质量不符合这些地区的要求。影响当前我国肉牛业发展的因素很多,但最关键的是质量。据有关专家介绍,制约我国牛肉出口的因素主要有以下几点:一、肉牛品种资源匮乏目前,我国还没有培育出属于自己的专门化肉牛品种,而用于生产牛肉的品种,大多是兼用型的地方良种,或是引进品种的杂交后代,优良肉牛品种资源匮乏。二、饲养管理方式不合理我国出栏的肉牛主要是由千家万户以分散的饲养方式进行育肥的,饲养过程中缺少肉牛专用的混合精饲料,这种饲养方式造成饲料混杂、品种混杂、年龄混杂,其结果是导致肉牛育肥期长、育肥效率低,牛肉的质量差、缺乏竞争力。三、重数量轻质量我国一些地区在发展肉牛业时一味追求数量,而忽视了各类肉牛之间的品质差异。到目前为止我国还没有建立起能够反映肉牛质量的牛肉分级体系和标准,导致加工过程中老牛肉(24月龄以上)和犊牛肉(8月龄以下)不分。四、屠宰加工工艺落后我国小型屠宰场较多,这些小型屠宰场屠宰设备普遍落后,屠宰人员素质较低,在宰杀、
At present, China’s beef exports to Russia and the Middle East only, can not enter the Western European and North American markets, mainly due to the quality of beef in our country does not meet the requirements of these regions. Affect the current development of China’s beef industry, many factors, but the most critical is the quality. According to experts, the main factors restricting China’s beef exports are the following: First, the lack of beef cattle resources At present, China has not cultivated its own specialized beef cattle breeds, and for the production of beef varieties, mostly dual-use Of the local varieties, or the introduction of varieties of hybrid offspring, lack of good beef cattle species resources. Second, the unreasonable feeding and management of China’s slaughter of beef cattle is mainly by millions of households in a decentralized feeding way for fattening, the breeding process of the lack of special beef cattle mixed concentrate feed, this feeding methods cause mixed feed, mixed species, mixed age , The result is a long fattening beef cattle, fattening inefficient, poor quality of beef, the lack of competitiveness. Third, the number of light weight, some areas in our country in the development of beef cattle blindly pursue the number, while ignoring the quality difference between various types of beef cattle. Up to now, no beef grading system and standard that can reflect the quality of beef cattle have been established in our country. As a result, there is no distinction between old beef (above 24 months old) and calf beef (below 8 months old) in processing. Fourth, the slaughtering and processing lagging behind China’s small slaughterhouses more slaughtering facilities in these small slaughterhouses generally backward, lower quality slaughtering staff, slaughtered,