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碘是构成甲状腺激素的主要原料,是人体必需的影响智力正常发育的重要微量元素,与人的生长发育和新陈代谢关系密切,特别是对大脑的发育起着决定作用,故有“智慧元素”之称。人体的碘的来自食物和饮水,正常人每日摄取无栅碘的最低需要量约为50微克。目前,全世界有10亿人生活在缺碘地区,我国有4亿人受缺碘的威胁,全国除上海外都有碘缺乏症（IDD）流行。我国有残疾人5146万,其中智力残疾者占半数,致残的主要原因就是缺碘,缺碘造成的大脖子病人有812万,克汀病人20余万。IDD已成为我国及全世界的一个突出问题,它是目前世界上已知导致智力障碍的主要原因。地方性克汀病、地方性甲状腺肿是主要的碘缺乏症。缺碘还造成甲状腺栅能低下,死亡率增高及生理育能力障碍等损害。
Iodine is the main raw material for thyroid hormones and is an essential microelement that influences the normal development of intelligence and is closely related to the growth and metabolism of human beings. In particular, it plays a decisive role in the development of the brain. Therefore, “element of intelligence” Said. The body’s iodine comes from food and water, the normal daily intake of iodine-free minimum requirements of about 50 micrograms. At present, 1 billion people in the world live in areas lacking iodine, and 400 million people in our country are threatened by iodine deficiency. All of China has iodine deficiency syndrome (IDD) prevalence in addition to Shanghai. In our country, there are 51.46 million persons with disabilities, of which, the number of persons with intellectual disabilities accounts for half of the total number. The main reason for disability is lack of iodine, iodine deficiency caused by 8,12 million patients with large neck and over 200,000 cretinism patients. IDD has become a prominent issue in our country and in the world. It is the main cause of mental retardation that is known in the world at present. Endemic cretinism, endemic goiter is the main iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency can also cause thyroid gland can be low, increased mortality and physical education ability disorders.