均势与霸权理论虽然形成于近代,但这一理论早在公元前5～4世纪就已经由波斯帝国运用于对希腊城邦的政策实践之中。在力量对比中占据优势的波斯帝国,先是希冀武力争夺地区霸权,后演变为维持地区均势以获益。这一政策的演变充分显示了波斯帝国外交政策的成熟。 Although the theory of balance of power and hegemony was formed in modern times, this theory was applied by the Persian Empire to the policy practice of the Greek city-states as early as the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The Persian Empire, which dominated the balance of power, first sought to win over the regional hegemony by force and later evolved into the benefit of maintaining regional balance. The evolution of this policy has fully demonstrated the maturity of the diplomatic policy of the Persian Empire.