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本文主要分为如下四大部分:第一部分提出本文研究的主要问题,即面对来自国内外关于建立国有企业与私有企业公平竞争的市场环境的呼吁与压力,中国的现实做法及应当采取的对策。第二部分讨论了西方国家和国际经济组织竞争中立的立法历史,以及“竞争中立”这一概念的法律基础。(1)该部分分别介绍了欧盟、澳大利亚、经合组织和美国竞争中立的相关立法实践;(2)该部分分析了竞争中立的法律基础,即从四个方面论释了为何要在反垄断法之外专门建立竞争中立法律制度以解决竞争中立问题。第三部分立足中国,以反垄断法为视角,对中国竞争中立的现实情况及其成因进行了探讨。作者通过分析得出结论,中国尚未形成竞争中立的市场环境。这一现状可归因于:(1)我国国有企业凭借政府的反竞争行为和公司治理结构中的漏洞,在与私有企业的竞争中长期享有不公平的竞争优势;(2)由于反垄断法的固有局限性,加之中国反垄断法在立法与执法体制上存在的突出缺陷,中国反垄断法很难从源头上消除国有企业的不正当竞争优势,从而不能在解决竞争中立问题上发挥其应有作用。第四部分得出结论并提出建议,指出了要实现竞争中立各国可普遍适用的通行做法,并根据中国特情提出了中国可采取的相关对策。
This article is mainly divided into the following four parts: The first part puts forward the main problems of this paper, that is, facing the call and pressure from domestic and foreign markets to establish a fair competition between state-owned and private-owned enterprises, China’s reality and countermeasures . The second part discusses the legislative history of competition neutrality in western countries and international economic organizations and the legal basis of the concept of “competition neutrality.” (1) This part respectively introduces the relevant legislative practices of competition neutrality in EU, Australia, OECD and the United States; (2) This part analyzes the legal basis of competition neutrality, that is why it explains in four aspects why antitrust In addition to the law specifically established a competitive neutrality legal system to solve the problem of competition neutrality. The third part based on China, with antitrust law as the angle of view, discusses the reality of China’s competition neutrality and its causes. The author concludes by analyzing that China has not yet formed a competitive market environment. This situation can be attributed to: (1) the state-owned enterprises in our country enjoy unfair competitive advantages for a long time in the competition with private-owned enterprises by virtue of the government’s anticompetitive behavior and loopholes in the corporate governance structure; (2) Combined with the prominent defects of the Chinese antitrust law in the legislation and law enforcement system, it is very difficult for China’s antitrust law to eliminate the unfair competitive advantage of state-owned enterprises from the source and thus can not play its part in resolving competition neutrality has an effect. The fourth part draws the conclusion and puts forward the suggestion, points out that it is necessary to realize the universally applicable common practice in competition neutral countries, and puts forward the relevant countermeasures that China can take according to China’s special conditions.