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目的为了使实验室药敏结果更符合临床实际，指导临床用药。方法对１３３株革兰氏阴性杆菌进行抗生素敏感试验同时，对其中７５株肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌进行超广谱β－内酰胺酶和５８株铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌、产气肠杆菌、粘质沙雷氏菌诱导酶的检测。结果２５．０％肺炎克雷伯氏菌和１４．０％大肠埃希氏菌产超广谱β－内酰胺酶。５２．０％的铜绿假单胞菌、５５．６％阴沟肠杆菌、３３．３％产气肠杆菌、２５．０％弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌和粘质沙雷氏菌产诱导酶。发现产超广谱酶株组除对头孢他啶、头孢哌酮及头孢唑啉耐药率明显高于非产酶株组外，对其他抗生素的耐药率与非产酶株组无明显差异。产诱导酶株组对三代头孢的耐药率反而低于非产酶株组。结论常规药敏试验不能较正确地反映细菌耐药情况，两种酶的检测能补充常规药敏的不足。
Objective In order to make the laboratory susceptibility results more in line with clinical practice, to guide clinical medication. Methods Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on 133 Gram-negative bacilli. Meanwhile, 75 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were extended-spectrum β-lactamases and 58 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Fraxinus citric acid, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens induced enzyme detection. Results 25.0% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 14.0% of Escherichia coli produced extended spectrum β-lactamase. 52.0% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 55.6% of Enterobacter cloacae, 33.3% of Enterobacter aerogenes, 25.0% of Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the rate of resistance to other antibiotics except non-enzyme-producing strains except the resistant strains to ceftazidime, cefoperazone and cefazolin. Yield-induced enzyme group of third-generation cephalosporin resistance rate but lower than the non-producing enzyme group. Conclusion Conventional drug susceptibility test can not reflect the bacterial resistance more accurately. The detection of two kinds of enzymes can supplement the deficiency of routine drug sensitivity.