西方国家福利制度的创设,对人类社会的进步起到了积极的作用。但到了上世纪七八十年代,传统福利模式的负面效应开始积累,导致各种社会危机的加剧。本文从反贫困的角度对西方福利国家传统的“家长式”包揽福利及其在困境中提出的积极福利政策进行了比较和探讨。由于积极福利制度建构的理念与我国的科学发展观有相吻合之处,因此它也是建设我国社会主义和谐社会的一大借鉴。如何借助这一有力武器促进社会转型期的平稳过渡以及在世界金融风暴中迅速恢复经济生机,将改革成果最大限度转化为全民性的共享利益将成为社会政策领域的一大中心议题。 The establishment of the welfare system in Western countries has played a positive role in the progress of human society. However, in the seventies and eighties of the last century, the negative effects of the traditional welfare model began to accumulate, leading to intensification of various social crises. This paper compares and discusses the traditional “paternalistic” package welfare of western welfare countries and the positive welfare policies they put forward in the difficult situation from the perspective of anti-poverty. Since the concept of positive welfare system construction coincides with China’s scientific development concept, it is also a reference for building a socialist harmonious society in our country. How to use this powerful weapon to promote a smooth transition in a social transition and to quickly restore economic vitality in the global financial turmoil and to maximize the transformation of the achievements of the reform into a nationally shared benefit will become a major issue in the field of social policies.