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基于概率积分法对地下采矿引起的岩体变形规律的描述,推导出岩体最大剪切变形和最大拉伸变形的分布曲线,阐述地表出现滑移破坏的原因。结合程潮铁矿地表变形监测成果,进一步说明地下采矿引起的地表滑移变形的条件及特征。最后,采用离散单元法模拟地下开采引起的岩体变形发展过程,阐述地表滑移后岩体的变形趋势。结果表明:在地下开采作用下,岩体中出现的最大剪切变形可使地表发生塌陷,最大拉伸变形可使岩体出现贯通地表的裂缝,在这2个因素共同作用下,地表出现滑移现象。滑移产生后,受影响的地表可分为滑移区和卸荷区,并出现浅部裂缝、深部裂缝和卸荷裂缝,其中,深部裂缝是滑移区和卸荷区的分界线。受地表滑移的影响,在继续开采时,地表在滑移区内的变形程度增大,但地表主要变形范围得到抑制。
Based on the description of deformation law of rock mass caused by underground mining by probability integration method, the distribution curves of maximum shear deformation and maximum tensile deformation of rock mass are deduced, and the reasons of slip damage on the surface are expounded. Combined with the monitoring results of surface deformation monitoring in Chengchao Iron Mine, the conditions and characteristics of surface slip deformation caused by underground mining are further explained. Finally, discrete element method is used to simulate the deformation process of rock mass caused by underground mining, and the deformation trend of rock mass after surface slip is expounded. The results show that under the action of underground mining, the maximum shear deformation in the rock mass can cause the surface to collapse, and the maximum tensile deformation can cause the rock mass to crack through the ground surface. Under these two factors, the surface appears slippery Move the phenomenon. After slip occurs, the affected surface can be divided into slip zone and unloading zone, and shallow cracks, deep cracks and unloading cracks appear, of which, deep cracks are the boundary between slip zone and unloading zone. Affected by the surface slip, when the mining is continued, the surface deformation in the slip zone increases, but the main deformation range of the surface is suppressed.