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目的关注母亲养育特征,帮助母亲认识和改善自身的育儿意识和育儿行为,促进形成积极、安全的亲子依恋,为儿童情感和社会性发展打下良好的基础。方法选取2011年6月-2013年12月在天津市妇女儿童发展中心接受育儿指导和亲子教育的0~3岁婴幼儿的母亲为调查对象,填写5级自陈式调查问卷,考察母亲的育儿意识、反应敏感性、接纳、干预和控制、易接近性、积极情感的表达、社会刺激、育儿焦虑等因子,并分析其与母亲年龄、工作状态、接受育儿教育时间长短的关系。结果母亲的育儿意识比较积极,自我发展感、婚姻满意度和积极情感的表达比较突出,同时也存在明显的自我丧失感。母亲的敏感性较好,与其他因素关系不大。年龄较大的母亲易接近性更好。接受育儿指导和亲子教育时间为3个月以上者育儿焦虑明显减轻。结论在儿童早期发展工作中应帮助母亲获得更多的育儿知识和社会心理支持。
Objective To study the characteristics of mother-raising and help mothers to recognize and improve their awareness of parenting and child-rearing, and to promote the formation of a positive and safe parent-child attachment, so as to lay a good foundation for children’s emotional and social development. Methods The mothers aged 0 ~ 3 years old receiving child rearing guidance and parenting education in Tianjin Women and Children Development Center from June 2011 to December 2013 were selected as the survey subjects. Five self-questionnaire questionnaires were selected to investigate the mothers’ Awareness, responsiveness, admission, intervention and control, accessibility, expression of positive emotions, social stimulation, anxiety of childcare and other factors, and analyzed its relationship with the mother’s age, working condition and the time of receiving parental education. Results The mothers’ awareness of parenting was more positive. The sense of self-development, marital satisfaction and positive emotions were more prominent. At the same time, there was a clear sense of self-loss. The sensitivity of the mother is better, and has little to do with other factors. Older mothers have better accessibility. Children receiving childcare guidance and parenting time of 3 months or more were significantly reduced child anxiety. Conclusion Mothers should be given more parenting knowledge and psychosocial support in their early childhood development.