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【目的】在农业上,气候变化影响作物产量、蚜虫动态以及捕食性瓢虫对蚜虫的调节作用。一些瓢虫为广布种,而另一些瓢虫种类却只在特定地理范围内分布,而有关气候因子如何影响瓢虫分布了解甚少。【方法】评价不同温度(15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃和35℃)和光周期(8L∶16D,12L∶12D和16L∶8D)对两种瓢虫[七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata(Linnaeus)(一种广布种)和狭臀瓢虫Coccinella transversalis Fabricius(一种东方/南亚瓢虫)]幼虫取食和利用豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)的影响。【结果】尽管两种瓢虫的捕食作用和发育速率均在25℃时最高,但是随着日长的增加(即光周期从8L∶16D增加到16L∶8D)捕食作用进一步增强。与狭臀瓢虫相比,在所有温度和光周期下,七星瓢虫幼虫的取食量更高,生长和发育速率更快,其新羽化的成虫体重更重。非线性回归模型显示,七星瓢虫和狭臀瓢虫的最低发育温度分别为11℃和10.5℃左右,最高发育温度分别为41℃和43℃左右。狭臀瓢虫的幼虫捕食和发育速率对气候因子的依赖性强于七星瓢虫。【结论】本研究表明,广布种瓢虫对气候因子的敏感性比土著种瓢虫弱,因而可以广泛分布于不同的地理区域。因此,与土著种瓢虫相比,广布种瓢虫更适于作为生防因子。
【Aim】 In agriculture, climate change affects crop yield, aphid dynamics and the regulation of aphids by predatory ladybugs. Some ladybugs are widely distributed, while others are distributed only within a specific geographical area, and little is known about how climatic factors affect ladybug distribution. 【Method】 The effects of different temperature (15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃ and 35 ℃) and photoperiod (8L: 16D, 12L: 12D and 16L: 8D) on the growth of two ladybugs [Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus (A widely distributed species) and Coccinella transversalis Fabricius (an Oriental / South Asian ladybird)] larvae and the use of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). 【Result】 The results showed that although the predation and developmental rates of both ladybugs were the highest at 25 ℃, the predation of the two ladybugs was further enhanced with the increase of their length (ie, the photoperiod increased from 8L: 16D to 16L: 8D). The ladybird of Larix chinensis had higher food intake, faster growth and development, and heavier newly-emerged adult worms at all temperatures and photoperiods, compared with C. dipsaci. The non-linear regression model showed that the minimum development temperature of ladybird and ladybird was 11 ℃ and 10.5 ℃ respectively, and the highest development temperature was 41 ℃ and 43 ℃ respectively. Larval ladybug larvae predation and development rate of the climatic factor is stronger than the Coccinella septempunctata. 【Conclusion】 This study shows that the ladybugs are more susceptible to climatic factors than the native ladybugs, and thus can be widely distributed in different geographical regions. Therefore, broad-based ladybugs are more suitable as biocontrol agents than indigenous ladybugs.