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目的了解贵州省2011-2015年监测点居民土源性线虫感染情况。方法2011-2015年分别从贵州省普定县东、南、西、北、中5个片区选取马官镇田官村、坪上乡大哪村、化处镇水母村、城关镇青山村、坪上镇坪上村作为监测点,每年对其中的一个行政村开展土源性线虫感染情况监测,收集3岁以上常住居民的粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法查虫卵,透明胶纸肛拭法查3~12岁儿童蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)卵。改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮法检查居民居所附近的菜园、厕所周边、庭院和厨房等4种环境类型土壤中蛔虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)卵污染的情况。分析比较不同性别、年龄、职业等人群土源性线虫感染率,率的比较采用χ~2检验。结果 2011-2015年累计检查5 035人,土源性线虫感染率分别为14.24%(143/1 004)、15.72%(161/1 024)、12.29%(123/1 001)、15.38%(156/1 001)、32.44%(326/1 005);蛔虫、钩虫(Ancylostoma sp.)、鞭虫(Trichuris trichiura)和儿童蛲虫的平均感染率为11.40%(574/5 035)、0.62%(31/5 035)、9.33%(470/5 035)和1.01%(14/1 381)。男性、女性土源性线虫平均感染率分别为18.28%(473/2 588)、17.82%(436/2 447),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.15,P>0.05)。不同年龄组中,10~岁组土源性线虫感染率最高,为23.25%(381/1 639)(χ~2=62.59,P<0.05)。职业分布中,学生的感染率最高,为22.46%(524/2 333)(χ~2=58.43,P<0.05)。小学文化程度的人感染率最高,为21.41%(455/2 125)(χ~2=39.19,P<0.05)。苗族人群的感染率明显高于汉族及其他少数民族,为44.99%(220/489)(χ~2=267.70,P<0.05)。2011-2015年共检测不同环境类型土壤200份,人蛔虫卵阳性86份,阳性率为43%(86/200);其中,菜园与厕所周边的活受精蛔虫卵检出率最高,分别为26%(13/50)与20%(10/50);厨房的检出率最低,为2%(1/50);4种环境类型土壤中人蛔虫卵的污染情况差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.71,P<0.05)。结论 2011-2015年监测点居民土源性线虫感染率仍处于较高水平,以蛔虫和鞭虫感染为主。10~20岁人群、学生、小学文化程度及苗族人群的土源性线虫感染率高于其他人群。居民住所的环境土壤受到不同程度的人蛔虫卵污染。
Objective To understand the infection of soil-borne nematodes among the residents in the monitoring points of Guizhou province from 2011 to 2015. Methods From 2011 to 2015, the authors selected Tianguan Village, Da Dang Village, Ping Shang Xiang, Jellyfish Village, Huasu Town, Qingshan Village, Chengguan Town from 5 districts of East, South, West, North and Central of Puding County, Guizhou Province, Pingshang Village in Pingshang Town serves as a monitoring point and conducts monitoring of soil-borne nematode infections in one of the administrative villages every year. The faeces of residents over the age of 3 are collected. Improved Kato thick smear method is used to check the eggs, Check Enterobius vermicularis eggs from 3 to 12 years old. Improved Saturated Sodium Nitrate Float Method to check egg contamination of Ascaris lumbricoides in 4 types of soils, such as vegetable garden, toilets, yard and kitchen, near the dwelling place. Analysis of different gender, age, occupation and other populations of soil-borne nematodes infection rates, rates were compared using χ ~ 2 test. Results A total of 5 035 people were examined in 2011-2015. The infection rates of soil-borne nematodes were 14.24% (143/1 004), 15.72% (161/1 024), 12.29% (123/1 001) and 15.38% (156) / 1 001), and 32.44% (326/1 005) respectively. The average infection rates of Roundworms, Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris trichiura and Pedigree were 11.40% (574/5 035) and 0.62% ( 31/5 035), 9.33% (470/5 035) and 1.01% (14/1 381). The average infection rates of soil-borne nematodes in males and females were 18.28% (473/2 588) and 17.82% (436/2 447) respectively, with no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 0.15, P> 0.05). In different age groups, the infection rate of soil-borne nematodes was the highest in 10 ~ age group, which was 23.25% (381/1 639) (χ ~ 2 = 62.59, P <0.05). Occupational distribution, the highest infection rate of students, was 22.46% (524/2 333) (χ ~ 2 = 58.43, P <0.05). The infection rate of primary education was the highest, 21.41% (455/2125) (χ ~ 2 = 39.19, P <0.05). The infection rate of Miao people was significantly higher than that of Han and other ethnic minorities, 44.99% (220/489) (χ ~ 2 = 267.70, P <0.05). A total of 200 soil samples were collected from different environments in 2011-2015, 86 of which were positive for human roundworm eggs, with a positive rate of 43% (86/200). Among them, the detection rates of live fertilized roundworm eggs around the vegetable garden and toilets were the highest, 26 % (13/50) and 20% (10/50), respectively. The detection rate of the kitchen was the lowest, which was 2% (1/50). There were significant differences in the contamination of human Ascaris eggs in four types of soils ~ 2 = 12.71, P <0.05). Conclusion The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes at the monitoring sites from 2011 to 2015 is still at a high level, with the majority of roundworm and whipworm infections. The prevalence of soil-borne nematodes among 10 ~ 20-year-olds, students, primary education and Miao people is higher than that of other populations. Resident’s environment of the soil by varying degrees of Ascaris eggs.