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为了寻求提高肥料利用率、降低养分流失、减少环境污染的最佳种植模式,在广西丘陵坡耕地进行定位观测,研究广西主要经济作物、农民常规施肥和主要种植模式下的坡耕地养分径流流失特征,结果表明,木薯+玉米模式径流水中的总磷、总钾、硝态氮流失量最大,其次为总氮、铵态氮;木薯+花生模式径流水中的养分流失量除总磷(245.1g/hm2)最多外,其他养分流失量均较少,氮素流失以硝态氮为主,占总氮的50%以上。产生径流量最多的模式是木薯+花生为60 974L/hm2,其次是甘蔗模式为58 583L/hm2,最少的模式是木薯+玉米为52 676L/hm2;木薯+玉米种植模式下作物吸收氮、磷、钾的量最多(7月13日),甘蔗吸收氮、磷、钾的量均是最多的(11月13日)。三种种植模式中施肥量最大的是木薯+玉米,其次是木薯+花生,甘蔗是最少的。养分氮、磷径流率最大的均为甘蔗单种模式,养分钾径流率最大的为木薯+玉米种植模式。
In order to find the best planting mode to increase fertilizer use efficiency, reduce nutrient loss and reduce environmental pollution, the paper studied the location of farmland in hilly slope of Guangxi and studied the characteristics of runoff loss on sloping farmland of main cash crops, peasants conventional fertilization and main planting mode The results showed that the total phosphorus, total potassium and nitrate nitrogen in runoff water of cassava + corn were the largest, followed by total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. The nutrient loss of runoff from cassava + peanut was the highest except for total phosphorus (245.1 g / hm2), the other nutrients lost less, and the nitrogen loss was dominated by nitrate nitrogen, accounting for more than 50% of the total nitrogen. The patterns with the largest runoff were 60 974L / hm2 for cassava and peanut followed by 58 583L / hm2 for sugarcane and 52 676L / hm2 for cassava and maize. , The most potassium (July 13), sugar cane to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the largest (November 13). The three kinds of planting patterns in the largest amount of fertilizer is cassava + corn, followed by cassava + peanuts, sugarcane is the least. Nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus runoff rate are the largest single sugar cane model, the largest nutrient potassium runoff rate of cassava + corn planting mode.