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英语中，有时为了避免重复，往往省去一个词或一些成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略句也是近年高考的重点。下面结合高考试题，归纳省略的重要考点。
【考例链接1】We all know that, ____, the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷-28）
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
【解析】答案B。宾语从句中的从句应为if it is not carefully dealt with。因为主从句的主语都为the situation,故可省略。
【考例链接2】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day. (2007四川卷-35)
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
【解析】答案A。从句应为unless they are watered every day。主从句主语都为the flowers。
【考例链接3】When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 NMET)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
【解析】答案B。从句应为When these products were first introduced to the market。因为主从句的主语都为these products,故可省略。
【考点归纳】在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中,如果主从句的主语相同或从句的主语为it/they,且从句的结构为主语+系动词be时,可省略从句的主语和be。
【考例链接4】——Will you join us in the game?
——Thank you, ____（2007江西卷-21）
A. but why not? B. but I’d rather not.
C. and I won’t. D. and I’ll join.
【解析】答案B。回答者其实不愿意参加这个比赛活动。
【考点归纳】在交际用语中常常省略谓语或谓语的一部分。
【考例链接5】You can only be sure of ____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
（2007安徽卷-33）
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
【解析】答案B。what引导宾语从句；something后面的定语从句用that引导,其中that作get的宾语，可以省略。
【考例链接6】What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.(2004 湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
【解析】答案A。way表示“方式,手段,方法”时,后面的定语从句用that或in which引导,其中that或in which可以省略。
【考点归纳】定语从句中关系代词(that, which, whom) 作从句的宾语时常可省略。
【考例链接7】As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way. (1990 NMET 上海)
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed
【解析】答案B。考查have sb. do sth.结构, 宾补省略了不定式符号to。
【考例链接8】Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ____ for the poor.（2001年春）
A. more B. much C. many D. most
【解析】答案A。本题空白处要填上more canned food。重复部分可省略。
【考点归纳】在比较级句中，可省略重复部分。
【考例链接9】We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but ____ a taxi. (1993 上海)
A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken
【解析】答案A。在but前无行为动词do,故不可省略to。
【考点归纳】
1.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice等感官动词或make, have, let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式宾语补足语”结构中,应省略不定式符号。注意：此结构变成被动语态时则要加上to。
2.为避免重复，动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) 等后面接不定式时, 常省略与上文相同的动词,只保留不定式符号to;若to后是be,则要保留。
3.介词but, except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时,如果介词前有行为动词do的形式,不定式常要省去to,否则to不可省。
【考例链接10】
——You haven’t lost the ticket, have you? (2004江苏)
——____. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
【解析】答案A。
【考点归纳】not, so, neither, nor的“替代性”省略动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, suppose, think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面所说过的内容。表肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so 搭配；但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的 形式,而think, believe, suppose 等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。
【考例链接1】We all know that, ____, the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷-28）
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
【解析】答案B。宾语从句中的从句应为if it is not carefully dealt with。因为主从句的主语都为the situation,故可省略。
【考例链接2】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day. (2007四川卷-35)
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
【解析】答案A。从句应为unless they are watered every day。主从句主语都为the flowers。
【考例链接3】When first ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004 NMET)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
【解析】答案B。从句应为When these products were first introduced to the market。因为主从句的主语都为these products,故可省略。
【考点归纳】在表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句中,如果主从句的主语相同或从句的主语为it/they,且从句的结构为主语+系动词be时,可省略从句的主语和be。
【考例链接4】——Will you join us in the game?
——Thank you, ____（2007江西卷-21）
A. but why not? B. but I’d rather not.
C. and I won’t. D. and I’ll join.
【解析】答案B。回答者其实不愿意参加这个比赛活动。
【考点归纳】在交际用语中常常省略谓语或谓语的一部分。
【考例链接5】You can only be sure of ____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ____ you might get in the future.
（2007安徽卷-33）
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
【解析】答案B。what引导宾语从句；something后面的定语从句用that引导,其中that作get的宾语，可以省略。
【考例链接6】What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.(2004 湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
【解析】答案A。way表示“方式,手段,方法”时,后面的定语从句用that或in which引导,其中that或in which可以省略。
【考点归纳】定语从句中关系代词(that, which, whom) 作从句的宾语时常可省略。
【考例链接7】As you’ve never been there before, I’ll have someone ____ you the way. (1990 NMET 上海)
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed
【解析】答案B。考查have sb. do sth.结构, 宾补省略了不定式符号to。
【考例链接8】Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs ____ for the poor.（2001年春）
A. more B. much C. many D. most
【解析】答案A。本题空白处要填上more canned food。重复部分可省略。
【考点归纳】在比较级句中，可省略重复部分。
【考例链接9】We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but ____ a taxi. (1993 上海)
A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken
【解析】答案A。在but前无行为动词do,故不可省略to。
【考点归纳】
1.在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice等感官动词或make, have, let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式宾语补足语”结构中,应省略不定式符号。注意：此结构变成被动语态时则要加上to。
2.为避免重复，动词love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) 等后面接不定式时, 常省略与上文相同的动词,只保留不定式符号to;若to后是be,则要保留。
3.介词but, except, besides 后接不定式作宾语时,如果介词前有行为动词do的形式,不定式常要省去to,否则to不可省。
【考例链接10】
——You haven’t lost the ticket, have you? (2004江苏)
——____. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
【解析】答案A。
【考点归纳】not, so, neither, nor的“替代性”省略动词believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, suppose, think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面所说过的内容。表肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so 搭配；但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用I hope not和I guess not的 形式,而think, believe, suppose 等词可有两种形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。