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我们对成都市城区60岁及以上离退休老年人的抽样调查表明:36％的离退休老年人有离退休后不适应感,不适应感最长持续时间5年,平均1.5年。其发生率的高低与性别无关,而与职业、文化程度、退休时年龄及身体状况、有无业余爱好,有无疾病,家庭结构类型、家庭经济状况,有无生活规律,子女及社会的情感支持情况等均有密切关系。据此,作者强调以发挥余热,培养健康的兴趣爱好,建立良好的生活规律,尊敬关心老人,失偶再婚,讲究心理卫生,作好心身保健等以减轻或消除不适应感等不良心理感受。
Our sample survey of retired elderly aged 60 and above in Chengdu City indicates that 36% of retired elderly people have a sense of disability after retiring and that the maximum duration of disability is 5 years, with an average of 1.5 years. The incidence rate is not related to gender, but related to occupation, education level, age and physical condition at retirement, whether there are hobbies, whether there is disease, family structure type, family economic status, whether or not there is a pattern of life, children and social emotions. Supporting conditions are closely related. Based on this, the author emphasizes that to exert the residual heat, cultivate healthy hobbies, establish a good pattern of life, respect and concern for the elderly, remarriage with missing couples, pay attention to mental health, and make mental and physical health care to reduce or eliminate unpleasant feelings and other adverse psychological feelings.