20世纪的美国,自然主义较为盛行,产生了一些自然主义作家,其中德莱塞是典型的代表。在德莱塞的努力下,美国的自然主义文学创作日益成熟。纵观德莱塞的一生,他阅读了不少前人的著作,如赫胥黎、达尔文等人的进化论,这对他的文学创作有着重大的影响,同时由于他特殊的社会经历,使得他深信适者生存这一道理。从德莱塞的作品中可以看出他运用客观描述的方式,强调人的本性,尽量不用自己的主观意识、道德评判去影响作品创作,体现了浓厚的自然主义韵味。对于这一点,德莱塞本人也是承认的。 In the 20th century America, naturalism prevailed and some naturalist writers emerged. Among them, Dreiser was a typical representative. Thanks to Dreiser’s efforts, naturalistic literary creation in the United States has become increasingly mature. Throughout Dreiser’s life, he read a lot of his predecessors’ writings, such as Huxley and Darwin’s theory of evolution, which has a significant impact on his literary creation. At the same time, he is convinced by his special social experience The reason for the survival of the fittest. From Dreiser’s works, we can see that he uses the objective description method to emphasize the human nature, try not to use his own subjective consciousness, and moral judgments affect the creation of his works, which embodies a strong naturalism flavor. Dreiser himself admits at this point.