引言很久以来,人们就知道碘是人类必需的一种元素,一般来讲对动物也是如此,它集中于甲状腺,是甲状腺激素甲状腺氨酸的必需成分。碘缺失导致一系列的碘缺乏病症(IDD),最常见的是地方性甲状腺肿,其症状是为了提高效率而导致甲状腺增大。在胎儿发展阶段和出生第一年中,碘缺乏导致地方性呆小症,这是一种引起生长发育迟缓的疾病,同时伴有大脑损害。然而,尽管达两种疾病易于诊断,但更阴险的问题是碘缺乏损害了儿童的大脑发育,即使当时没有明显的身体影响;毫无疑问地,碘缺乏是智力迟钝的最普 INTRODUCTION It has long been known that iodine is an essential element of humankind, and so is it generally true for animals, which are concentrated in the thyroid gland and are an essential component of the thyroid hormone thyroid acid. Iodine deficiency causes a series of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), the most common of which is endemic goitre and whose symptoms are due to increased thyroid gland enlargement. During fetal development and in the first year of life, iodine deficiency causes endemic cachexia, a disease that causes growth retardation, accompanied by brain damage. However, although both diseases are easily diagnosed, the more insidious problem is that iodine deficiency impairs children’s brain development, even though there were no significant physical effects at that time; there is no doubt that iodine deficiency is the most common form of mental retardation