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目的观察大鼠长期摄入过量碘时甲状腺的形态和体视学变化。方法选用W istar大鼠分别给予不同剂量的碘化钾,饲养6个月后处死观察甲状腺重量,组织学变化,甲状腺滤泡的体视学参数等指标。结果低碘组(LI)大鼠甲状腺明显肿大,呈小滤泡性增生,平均滤泡体积(V)和滤泡表面积(S)均明显低于适碘组(P<0.01),而滤泡表面积密度(Sv)、比表面积(S/V)、数密度(Nv)明显高于NI组(P<0.01)。各高碘组甲状腺未发生肿大,但组织学呈现多型性变化;5倍碘组、10倍碘组甲状腺滤泡体视学各项指标与NI组相比较均无明显差别;而50倍碘组滤泡的体积密度(Vv)、表面积密度(Sv)高于NI组;100倍碘组平均滤泡体积(V)和滤泡表面积(S)均低于NI组,而S/V、Nv则高于NI组;50倍碘组、100倍碘组的甲状腺呈现类似LI组的小滤泡增生,但增生的程度远低于LI组。结论长期摄入过量碘大鼠甲状腺虽然未出现甲状腺肿大,但组织学和体视学参数都发生了明显的变化,以50和100倍碘组的小滤泡增生更为明显。
Objective To observe the morphological and stereological changes of the thyroid gland during long-term ingestion of iodine in rats. Methods Wistar rats were given different doses of potassium iodide, were sacrificed 6 months after the observation of thyroid weight, histological changes, thyroid follicular stereological parameters and other indicators. Results The thyroid of rats in low iodine group was obviously enlarged with small follicular hyperplasia, the average follicular volume (V) and the follicular surface area (S) were significantly lower than those in the iodized group (P <0.01) The surface area density (Sv), specific surface area (S / V) and number density (Nv) were significantly higher than those in NI group (P <0.01). Thyroid gland in each iodine group was not enlarged, but the histology showed polymorphic changes. The indexes of thyroid follicles in 5-iodine group and 10-iodine group had no significant difference compared with NI group The volume density (Vv) and surface area density (Sv) of follicles in iodine group were higher than those in NI group. The average follicular volume (V) and follicular surface area (S) Nv is higher than the NI group; 50 times the iodine group, 100 times the iodine group thyroid similar LI group of small follicular hyperplasia, but the degree of proliferation is much lower than the LI group. Conclusions Thyroid enlargement was not observed in the thyroid gland in rats exposed to excessive iodine for a long period of time. However, the parameters of histology and stereology were significantly changed. The small follicular hyperplasia of 50 and 100 times iodine groups was more obvious.