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研究盗掘或来历不明文物的现象在学界由来已久。但自上世纪70年代以来,这一研究行为的正当性在欧美国家日益受到质疑、并成为广泛争议的问题。在赞成对盗掘文物开展学术研究的学者看来,对盗掘文物进行研究能获得某些历史信息,从而增加人类的知识;而反对者则认为,这类文物由于失去了考古背景,其研究价值大打折扣,更为重要的是,这种行为间接地鼓励了盗掘和文物非法贸易,从而加剧了对古代文化遗址的破坏。本文将简述欧美学界关于这一问题的思考和论辩,并介绍美洲考古学会制定的相关伦理准则,最后结合中国的实际提出几点思考,以期引起更多学界同仁对研究盗掘文物所涉及的学术伦理问题的关注。
Studying the phenomenon of unmanageable artifacts or excavations has a long history in academia. However, since the 1970s, the legitimacy of this research act has been increasingly questioned in European and American countries and has become a widely controversial issue. In favor of scholars who carry out academic research on the excavation of cultural relics, the study on the excavation of cultural relics can acquire certain historical information so as to increase human knowledge; while the opponents argue that the loss of archaeological background of such cultural relics is of great research value More importantly, this act indirectly encourages illegal trade in cultural relics and artifacts, thereby aggravating the damage to ancient cultural sites. This article will briefly outline the thinking and argumentation of the European and American academia on this issue and introduce the relevant ethical norms set by the American Archaeological Association. Finally, the author will put forward some thinking based on China’s actual conditions with a view to arousing more academic colleagues to study the academic issues related to the excavation of cultural relics Ethical issues of concern.