目前利用比尺模型可以预测原型水轮机的性能。多年来 ,已制订了确定水轮机出力、效率和空蚀保证的模型试验规范 ,并为咨询公司、业主和水轮机厂所认可。近几年来实验证明 ,模型试验也可为部件设计提供可靠的输入数据。这些试验 ,由于仪器测量和数据处理的改进 ,在范围和复杂性方面正在增大。介绍了超出试验规范范围的原型试验及其限制和用途。 The scale model is currently used to predict the performance of a prototype turbine. Over the years, model test specifications have been developed that provide assurance of turbine output, efficiency and cavitation erosion and have been approved by consultancies, owners and turbine builders. Experiments in recent years have shown that model tests can also provide reliable input data for component design. These tests, due to improvements in instrumentation and data processing, are increasing in scope and complexity. Prototype tests that go beyond the scope of the test specification and their limitations and uses are presented.