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目的了解医学院校学生健康素养水平,为高校开展慢性病预防等健康教育采取适宜的方式、策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取医学院校300名学生进行问卷调查。问卷采用中国健康教育中心统一设计的《2009中国公民健康素养调查问卷》,正确回答80%及以上健康素养调查内容的调查对象视为具备健康素养。结果医学院校学生具备健康素养的总体水平为53.7%,具备基本知识和理念健康素养的占76.0%,具备健康生活方式与行为健康素养的占15.0%,具备基本健康技能健康素养的占94.7%。天津市某医学院校学生健康素养水平高于全国城市居民15～25岁组人群和北京市医学类大学生健康素养水平。男女生在健康生活方式与行为、基本技能方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族学生与其他民族学生在健康生活方式与行为方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对调查中发现的慢性病等问题及时制定综合性干预措施,努力提高在校大学生的整体健康素养水平。
Objective To understand the level of students’ health literacy in medical colleges and universities, and to provide evidences for adopting appropriate methods and strategies for health education such as prevention of chronic diseases in colleges and universities. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 300 students from medical colleges and universities to conduct questionnaire survey. The questionnaire adopts the “Chinese Citizens’ Health Literacy Survey 2009” uniformly designed by the China Health Education Center. The respondents who correctly answered 80% of the health literacy surveys were regarded as having health literacy. Results The overall level of health literacy among medical students was 53.7%, 76.0% had basic knowledge and ideal health literacy, 15.0% had healthy lifestyle and behavioral health literacy, 94.7% had basic health skill and health literacy, . The health literacy level of a medical college student in Tianjin is higher than that of the urban residents aged 15 ~ 25 in Beijing and the level of health literacy among medical college students in Beijing. There was a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic skills (P <0.05). Han students and other ethnic students in healthy lifestyles and behavior differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Aiming at the problems of chronic diseases found in the investigation, comprehensive interventions should be formulated in time to improve the overall quality of college students’ health literacy.