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目的了解苏州地区哮喘患儿常见的过敏原分布。方法检测来自苏州地区的哮喘患儿共688例。采用皮肤过敏原点刺试验(SPT),共测定16种常见的过敏原(包括吸入和食物)。221例哮喘患儿同时用Unicap系统测定血清中SIgE:phadiotop(吸入过敏原筛选)、fx5E(食物过敏原筛选)和d1(屋尘螨)。结果Unicap方法结果显示,哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原的总阳性率为90.4%,食物过敏原的阳性率为24.4%。SPT结果显示,吸入组阳性率分别为:屋尘螨76.9%,粉尘螨74.4%,艾蒿30.9%,狗皮屑25.3%,以屋尘螨最高。食物组中以牛奶阳性率最高(8.4%),其次为鸡蛋白(5.6%)。结论苏州地区哮喘患儿90%左右为过敏性哮喘。过敏原主要为尘螨。食物过敏在哮喘儿童中所占比例不高,以牛奶过敏最多。SPT结果可靠,方法简单,经济。
Objective To understand the distribution of common allergens in children with asthma in Suzhou area. Methods A total of 688 children with asthma from Suzhou were detected. A total of 16 common allergens (including inhalation and food) were tested using the Skin Allergen Prick Test (SPT). Serum SIgE: phadiotop (inhalation allergen screening), fx5E (food allergen screening), and d1 (house dust mite) were also measured in 221 asthmatic children with the Unicap system. Results Unicap method showed that the total positive rate of inhaled allergens in asthmatic children was 90.4% and the positive rate of food allergens was 24.4%. The results of SPT showed that the positive rates of inhalation group were 76.9% of house dust mites, 74.4% of dust mites, 30.9% of mugwort and 25.3% of dog dander, respectively. The positive rate of milk in the food group was the highest (8.4%), followed by egg white (5.6%). Conclusion About 90% of children with asthma in Suzhou are allergic asthma. Allergens are mainly dust mites. Food allergy is not high in children with asthma, milk allergy up to. SPT reliable results, the method is simple and economical.