目的了解某铁路辖区职工对《职业病防治法》等法律法规与职业卫生知识的认知情况,为有针对性开展职业卫生宣传教育促进干预活动提供依据。方法 2015年8~9月采用自制问卷,对81位某铁路职工的职业卫生相关知识及《职业病防治法》等法律法规的认知情况进行调查。结果调查81人,对单位告知职业病危害、设置公告栏、进行职业卫生培训的职工了解的现代职业病的总体平均比例为60.46%,获得职业卫生相关知识的主要途径的总体平均比例为63.41%,选择求助职业病相关政府部门的总体平均比例为49.01%,了解职业病相关的法律法规的总体平均比例为40.73%,均高于未实施以上措施单位的职工(相应总体平均比例分别为29.88%、33.28%、17.21%、14.18%)(P<0.01)。结论职工对《职业病防治法》等法律法规与职业卫生知识的认知情况有明显差异,受单位宣传教育影响较大。 Objective To understand the cognition of laws, regulations and occupational health knowledge of Occupational Diseases Prevention and Control Law in a railway area and provide the basis for carrying out intervention activities of occupational health publicity and education. Methods From August to September 2015, self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the occupational health-related knowledge of 81 railroad workers and the cognition of laws and regulations such as Occupational Disease Prevention Law. Results A total of 81 people were surveyed. The overall average ratio of modern occupational diseases understood by the unit to workers exposed to occupational hazards, bulletin boards and occupational health was 60.46%, and the overall average ratio of the main access to occupational health-related knowledge was 63.41% The overall average percentage of government departments seeking help in occupational diseases was 49.01%, and the overall average percentage of laws and regulations on occupational diseases was 40.73%, both higher than those of workers without the above measures (corresponding to an overall average of 29.88% and 33.28% respectively, 17.21%, 14.18%) (P <0.01). Conclusion The employees have obvious differences on the cognition of laws and regulations and occupational health knowledge such as Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, which is greatly influenced by the unit publicity and education.