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[目的]研究三峡建坝后血吸虫病潜在传播的危险因素,为制定三峡库区血吸虫病监测和预防方案提供依据。[方法]2005～2006年,调查三峡建坝后生态环境变化、自血吸虫病疫区引进的植物情况;流动人口和引进的动物的血吸虫病感染情况(血清IHA检测);建坝后社会经济发展变化对血吸虫病传播的潜在影响因素。[结果]三峡库区存在适宜钉螺孳生的环境、从血吸虫病疫区引进大量植物,未发现钉螺;调查流动人口552人,曾感染血吸虫病患病率为2.17%,血清抗体阳性率为1.45%;流动人员的血防知晓率(19.02%)显著高于当地居民(4.85%);从疫区引进大量牲畜,未发现感染血吸虫动物。社会经济发展可能增加血吸虫病传染源传入库区的危险;当地居民生活生产习惯有利于血吸虫感染。监测指标包括引进疫区植物数量、钉螺监测、血清抗体阳性率、粪检阳性率、血防知识知晓率等。[结论]三峡库区存在血吸虫病潜在传播的危险因素,应加强植物引进、流动人员和动物的传染源输入的监测和预防。
[Objective] To study the risk factors for the potential transmission of schistosomiasis after the Three Gorges Dam construction and provide the basis for the development of monitoring and prevention programs for schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. [Methods] From 2005 to 2006, the changes of ecological environment after the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the status of plants introduced from schistosomiasis-endemic areas, the infection of schistosomiasis among floating population and imported animals (serum IHA detection), the socio-economic development changes after dam construction Potential influencing factors of schistosomiasis transmission. [Result] There was an environment suitable for breeding snails in the Three Gorges Reservoir. A large number of plants were introduced from schistosomiasis endemic areas and no snails were found. The floating population was 552, the prevalence rate of infected schistosomiasis was 2.17% and the positive rate of serum antibody was 1.45%. The awareness rate of blood-borne persons (19.02%) was significantly higher than that of local residents (4.85%). A large number of livestock were imported from epidemic areas and no animals were found to be infected with schistosomiasis. Socio-economic development may increase the risk of schistosomiasis transmission into the reservoir area; the lifestyle habits of local residents are conducive to schistosomiasis infection. Monitoring indicators include the introduction of the number of infected plants, snails monitoring, positive rate of serum antibodies, fecal positive rate, awareness of blood-related knowledge and so on. [Conclusion] The risk factors for the potential transmission of schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area should be monitored and the input of infectious agents of plant introduction, floating personnel and animals should be strengthened.