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陶行知(1891-1946)是我国近代史上伟大的人民教育家。他十分重视幼儿教育,认为幼儿教育是“人生的基础”,是培养人才的起点。他说:“比如建筑高楼大厦,不先由基础上去建筑稳固,则上面虽有雕梁画栋,总经不起风雨飘摇。”又说:“幼儿比如幼苗,必须培养得宜,方能发荣滋长。否则幼年受了损伤,即不夭折,也难成材。”他指出:“凡人生所需之重要习惯、倾向、态度,多半可以在六岁以前培养成功……六岁以前是人格陶冶最重要的时期”,这个时期培养得好,以后只需坚持下去,自然会成为国家的人才,社会的优良分子,倘若培养不好,“习惯成了不易改,倾向定了不易移,态度决了不易变”,纠正起来就要费“九牛二虎之力”,如果任其发展,就会“自害害人不止”,对国对民贻误不浅。因此他认定“小学教育是建国之根本,幼稚教育尤为根本之根本”,主张普及幼儿教育;同时针对当时幼稚园犯的三个大病(浪费病、贵族病、外国病),提出“要用科学的方法来建设省钱的、平民的、适合国情的”的幼稚园,在实践中改革幼儿教育。
Tao Xingzhi (1891-1946) is a great people educator in modern history of our country. He attaches great importance to early childhood education, that early childhood education is “the foundation of life,” and is the starting point for training qualified personnel. He said: “For example, building high-rise buildings, not building on the basis of the first solid, then the top despite the carved beams, the total can not afford the wind and rain.” And said: “Young children, such as seedlings, must be properly cultivated to flourish. He said: ”All the important habits, tendencies and attitudes required in human life can be cultivated by the age of six years old ... The most important period before the age of six is personality cultivation“ This period has been well-trained. If we persevere in the future, it will naturally become a national elite and a fine member of the society. If the cultivation is not good, if the habit becomes difficult to change, the tendency will not change easily and the attitude will not change easily, If rectified, it will cost ”a tremendous amount of effort,“ and if its development is allowed, it will ”not only harm itself but also harm the country and its people.“ Therefore, he held that ”primary education is the foundation of founding a nation and naive education is especially fundamental.“ It advocates the popularization of early childhood education. At the same time, aiming at three serious diseases (wasted diseases, aristocratic diseases and foreign diseases) committed by kindergartens, Methods to build a money-saving, civilized and country-specific ”kindergarten, and to reform early childhood education in practice.