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甲壳素是一种天然高分子化合物,具有来源广、可降解、生物相容、无毒和低抗原性等性质,但由于不溶于水和大多数有机溶剂,使其应用受到限制。由甲壳素制备的纳米甲壳素(甲壳素纳米晶须和甲壳素纳米纤维)能够在水中形成稳定均匀分散液,不仅具有甲壳素的性质,还有高长宽比、高表面积、低密度等性质,在其表面的羟基、N-乙酰基以及残留的胺基还可化学改性。本文综述了纳米甲壳素的制备,包括盐酸酸解、机械处理、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化、静电纺丝、溶解再生和脱N-乙酰基法,介绍了纳米甲壳素化学改性以及在增强、吸附和生物活性等方面应用。
Chitin is a kind of natural macromolecule compound which has wide source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and low antigenicity. However, its application is limited because it is insoluble in water and most organic solvents. Chitin prepared by the chitin (chitin nanowhiskers and chitin nanofibers) can form a stable and uniform dispersion in water, not only has the nature of chitin, as well as high aspect ratio, high surface area, low density and other properties, in the The surface hydroxyl, N-acetyl and residual amine groups can also be chemically modified. This review summarizes the preparation of nano-chitin, including hydrochloric acid hydrolysis, mechanical treatment, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation, electrospinning, - acetyl method, introduces the chemical modification of nano-chitin and its applications in enhancement, adsorption and biological activity.