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工地上,常常可以见到一些钢筋混凝土梁板构件在堆放中裂缝损坏,产生的原因主要有以下两点:1.地基对构件堆放的影响梁板堆放场地没有夯实,也不铺通板,把垫块直接放在地坪上。混凝土构件自重大,垫块被压入土中,在上部荷载作用下,最下一块梁板受到均匀的基土反力作用,产生弯矩,由于构件上部只有少量的构造钢筋,承受不了那么大的荷重,导致构件裂缝或折断,见图1。梁板当多层堆放时,上下支点如果不对齐,构件会产生偏位矩,见图2,造成构件开裂或折断。
On the construction site, some cracks in the stacking of reinforced concrete girder and slab members can often be seen. There are two main reasons for this: 1. The effect of foundations on the stacking of components The slab yards are not compacted or paved. The pad is placed directly on the floor. The concrete components are heavy and the blocks are pressed into the soil. Under the action of the upper loads, the lowest beam is subjected to a uniform soil-reaction force, resulting in bending moments. Since the upper part of the structure has only a small amount of structural reinforcement, it cannot withstand so much. The load, resulting in cracks or broken components, is shown in Figure 1. When the slabs are piled up in multiple layers, if the upper and lower fulcrums are not aligned, the members will produce partial moments of position, as shown in Fig. 2, causing cracking or breaking of the components.