成功建立体液免疫记忆反应至少取决于两层防御机制：抵抗再感染病原体的第一道防线为既有体液免疫记忆，其依赖于长寿浆细胞(plasma cells，PCs)分泌的预存的保护性抗体；第二道防线为反应性体液免疫记忆，即病原体经历的记忆B细胞迅速重新激活以产生抗体。其中后者在防御同源病毒的再次感染时起到至关重要的作用。由于人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus，HIV)破坏免疫系统及病毒高变异特性对预防性疫苗的研发提出了挑战。因此，了解HIV诱导产生广谱中和抗体的记忆B细胞受体(B cell receptors，BCR)的特点为HIV-1预防性疫苗的设计提供新的思路和方向。“,”The successful establishment of humoral immune memory response depends on at least two layers of defense.The first line of defense against re-infected pathogens is constitutive humoral memory that is dependent on pre-existing protective antibodies secreted by long-lived plasma cells.The second line of defense is reactive humoral memory in which pathogen-experienced memory B cells are rapidly reactivated to produce antibodies.Among them, the latter plays a critical role in preventing re-infection of homologous viruses.The destruction of the immune system induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the high variability of HIV are big challenge for the development of preventive vaccines.Therefore, understanding the characteristics of B cell receptor (BCR) of memory B cells that produce broadly neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV will provide new ideas and directions for the preventive vaccine design.