对湟中县１９９１年～１９９４年５岁以下儿童死亡情况进行分析，结果表明湟中县４年新生儿死亡率平均为５１．５‰，婴儿死亡率为６６．３‰，５岁以下儿童死亡率为７６．９‰。５岁以下儿童的重要死因依次为肺炎，出生窒息，早产，腹泻，败血症，先天型心脏病，颅内出血、痢疾、意外死亡等，前５位死因的死亡儿童占５岁以下死亡儿童的７９．４８％。并就今后降低５岁以下儿童死亡率，提出加强肺炎的防治和管理，提高围产期保健质量，特别是预防新生儿的死亡是降低５岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。 The analysis of the deaths of children under 5 years old in Langzhong County from 1991 to 1994 shows that the average neonatal death rate in Huangzhong County is 51.5 ‰ in 4 years and the infant mortality rate is 66.3 ‰ and the death of children under 5 years old Rate was 76.9 ‰. The leading causes of death among children under 5 years of age were pneumonia, asphyxia, prematurity, diarrhea, septicemia, congenital heart disease, intracranial hemorrhage, dysentery, and unplanned deaths, with the top five deaths accounting for 79% of all deaths under 5 years of age. 48%. In the future, it will reduce the mortality rate of children under five years of age, and propose to strengthen the prevention and management of pneumonia and improve the quality of perinatal care. In particular, prevention of neonatal death is the key to reducing the mortality rate of children under five years of age.