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以豫麦49号和豫麦18号为对照,对超高产小麦品种周麦16号灌浆过程中的生理生化特性及其产量性状进行了研究。结果表明,周麦16号与对照品种豫麦49号和豫麦18号相比,在株高显著降低及生物学产量不变的情况下,收获指数分别提高19.3%和16.2%,达极显著和显著水平,株粒重分别提高17.2%和14.3%,均达显著水平;后期光合速率分别提高70.8%和34.2%,达极显著水平;气冠温差在小麦的发育过程中处于较低水平,较对照豫麦49号和豫麦18号分别低62.5%和85.0%,差异达极显著水平;灌浆中后期,一直保持较高的灌浆速率;可溶性蛋白与叶绿素含量降解速度较慢;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较高,丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。说明周麦16号具有良好的光、热利用能力,光合持续期长,中后期植株衰老较慢,源、库、流较为协调均衡,有利于子粒光合产物的积累,增加子粒饱满度,子粒产量有“超越性”增加。
Taking Yumai 49 and Yumai 18 as control, physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield traits of super high-yielding wheat variety Zhoumai 16 during grain filling were studied. The results showed that the harvest index of Zhoumai 16 increased by 19.3% and 16.2%, respectively, compared with the control varieties Yumai 49 and Yumai 18 under the condition of significant decrease of plant height and biological yield, reaching extremely significant And grain weight increased by 17.2% and 14.3%, respectively, reaching significant levels. The photosynthetic rate increased by 70.8% and 34.2% at the later stage, respectively, reaching the extremely significant level. The temperature of the aureus crown was at a low level during the development of wheat, Which were 62.5% and 85.0% lower than the control Yumai 49 and Yumai 18, respectively. The difference was significant at the middle and late stages of grain filling. The higher filling rate, the slower degradation of soluble protein and chlorophyll content, Dismutase (SOD) activity is higher, malondialdehyde (MDA) content is lower. The results showed that Zhoumai 16 had good light and heat utilization ability, photosynthetic duration was long, the plant senescence was slow in middle and late stage, and the balance of source, sink and flow was in favor of the accumulation of photosynthetic products, increasing the fullness of grain, yield of grain Have “transcendence ” increase.