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本文所指的“图像型说明题”,泛指以图像、图解或数据等作为题目的条件,显示所构成的简答题,这类题型较适合培养或测试学生的思维能力,而且所培养和测试的思维能级一般在理解目标以上。学生在学习过程总是伴随着两方面的活动:一是在教师的引导下把知识体系转化为自己的认知结构,扩大知识面;二是在学习过程中产生的心理活动,即从低级到高级的重组和调整。这种伴随着学习而产生的心理活动重组和调整的不同状态,可反映思维活动的不同层次。鉴于知识与能力的可统一性,我们可以根据学生在学习或反馈某知识过程中心理活动的高低层次来界定学生的思维能级。
The “image-type explanation questions” referred to in this article refer to the conditions under which the images, diagrams, or data are used as topics to display the short-form answer questions. Such question types are more suitable for cultivating or testing students’ thinking ability, and The level of thinking in the test is generally above the understanding goal. Students in the learning process are always accompanied by two activities: First, under the guidance of teachers, the knowledge system is transformed into its own cognitive structure, expanding the knowledge; Second, the psychological activities generated during the learning process, that is, from the low-level to the Advanced restructuring and adjustments. The different states of reorganization and adjustment of mental activity that accompany learning can reflect different levels of thinking activities. In view of the unity of knowledge and ability, we can define the student’s thinking level according to the level of psychological activity in the process of learning or feedback.