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目的调查唐山市城区儿童高血压患病情况,分析儿童高血压的危险因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,在唐山市城区抽取5所小学1~6年级的1 561名学生作为研究对象,测量血压、身高、体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI)。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件。计量资料采用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料采用相对数表达,组间比较采用x~2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果高血压患病率为3.595%(56/1 561),其中男性患病率为4.21%(46/1 093),女性为2.14%(10/468),两者比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.07、P=0.04)。超重及肥胖儿童高血压患病率为8.50%(30/353),BMI正常儿童为2.15%(26/1 208),两者比较差异有统计学意义(x~2=31.81、P=0.000)。结论唐山市城区6~14岁儿童高血压患病率较高,男性、超重及肥胖是儿童高血压发病的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in children in Tangshan city and to analyze the risk factors of hypertension in children. Methods A total of 1,561 students from grade 1 to grade 6 in primary school from Tangshan city were selected as study objects by cluster sampling method. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Measurement data using (x ± s) that the comparison using t test; count data using relative expression, comparison between groups using x ~ 2 test. P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 3.595% (56/1 561). The prevalence rate of hypertension was 4.21% (46/1 093) in males and 2.14% (10/468) in females, the difference was statistically significant ( x ~ 2 = 4.07, P = 0.04). The prevalence rate of hypertension in overweight and obese children was 8.50% (30/353) and in normal children with BMI 2.15% (26/1 208), the difference was statistically significant (x ~ 2 = 31.81, P = 0.000) . Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in 6-14-year-old children in urban areas of Tangshan City is high. Men, overweight and obesity are the risk factors of hypertension in children.