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利用日本气象厅对137°E断面32个站位每年2次的连续观测资料,分析了此断面3°N～34°N在1967～2003年期间的温度、盐度特征及其年际变化。资料分析表明,该断面温度变化有2个极大值区,低纬度极大值区温度变化与厄尔尼诺事件有重要关联。在厄尔尼诺事件达到峰值前,此区域温跃层向上抬升,冬季此区域下层300～400 m处(北赤道逆流区)的温度出现与以上抬升反相位的变化,即在厄尔尼诺发生时可以加大等温线的倾斜,从而加强了北赤道逆流,在拉尼娜发生时正好相反。30°N以北的温度变化极大值区的温度变化主要受日本以南黑潮大弯曲的影响,当黑潮出现弯曲时,该区出现的气旋式涡旋造成深层水的上涌,导致该区200 m以深出现大范围降温。以700 m为界,日本以南黑潮区上、下层盐度的年际变化相反,这是由于该海域盐度的气候分布特征为中层低、上层和底层相对高所造成的。所以当水柱上涌时,原本的高盐水被低盐水代替,而原本的低盐水被高盐水代替,导致了以上反相位的变化。冬季28℃等温线的北端位置不仅有14 a的变化周期,而且整个暖池37 a来以平均每年0.1个纬距的速度向北移动。中层低盐水(34.2 psu等盐线分布)的强度分布有明显的年际差异,并且逐年加强。
The temperature and salinity characteristics of 3 ° N ~ 34 ° N from 1967 to 2003 and the interannual variation of 32 stations in 137 ° E section of Japan were analyzed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Data analysis shows that there are two maximum regions of temperature variation in the section, and the temperature change in the maximum latitude region has an important relationship with the El Niño event. Before the El Niño event reached a peak, the thermocline uplifted in this region. During the winter, the temperature in the lower 300-300 m of the region (the northern equatorial countercurrent region) showed an inverse phase change from that of the above uplift, ie, it could be increased in the event of El Niño The slope of the isotherms intensified the countercurrent of the northern equator, exactly the opposite when La Niña occurred. The temperature change in the maximum temperature region north of 30 ° N is mainly affected by the large kurtosis of the Kuroshio in southern Japan. When the Kuroshio bends, the cyclonic vortex in this region causes the upwelling of deep water, resulting in The area 200 m deep appeared wide range of cooling. At 700 m, the interannual variation of salinity in the upper and lower Kuroshio waters south of Japan is opposite because of the low mid-level and relatively high levels of the upper and lower salinities in the area. So when the water column upwelling, the original high-salt water was replaced by low salt water, while the original low-salt water was replaced by high salt water, resulting in the above changes in the anti-phase. The northern end of the 28 ℃ isotherm in winter not only has a 14-year period of change, but also moved northward for an average of 0.1 latitude per year for 37 years. The intensity distribution of middle-low salinity water (salt distribution of 34.2 psu and so on) has obvious interannual difference and has been strengthened year by year.