从2001年开始,我国将进入第十个五年计划期。由于中央已经提出实施西部大开发的战略方针,同时国内的市场化改革正在继续深化,国际上经济全球化和区域化的趋势仍将进一步发展,这意味着在“十五”期间,我国的地区发展将面临新的背景条件和新的任务,需要应对一些新出现的重要问题。其中,如何抑制人口增长,提高人口素质,便是问题之一。现在已经有越来越多的人们认识到,人力资源是经济社会发展中最重要的资源。人力资源是由具有一定的教育水平、健康水平和才能的人们所构成的。欠发达地区与发达地区相比,通常文化和教育不发达,文盲、半文盲比重高。我国西部地区的每万人平均拥有科技人员的数量只是东部地区的十分之一,西部现有的科技人员通过各种途径流向发达地区的倾向自然比较明显。从15岁以上人口中的文盲、半文盲比重来看,西部省区中除新疆低于全国平均水平,重庆、四川、陕西略高于全国平均水平外,其它省区均大大高于全国平均水平。这种现象既是经济落后的产物,又是下一轮经济发展的障碍。另一方面,欠发达地区相对较快的人口自然增长,也形成了对经济发展的拖拽。西部地区中除重庆、四川、陕西的人口自然增长率低于全国平均水平外,其它各省区明显高于全国平均水平,其中西藏、贵州、青海三省区均高于全国平均水平四个千分点以上。人口自然增长较快而人才发展相对较慢,而且高素质的人才仍在不断流出西部地区,使欠发 Since 2001, our country will enter the tenth five-year plan period. Since the Central Committee has proposed a strategic guideline for the implementation of the Western Development Plan and the domestic market-oriented reform is continuing to deepen, the trend of economic globalization and regionalization in the world will continue to develop further. This means that during the period of “the 10th Five-Year Plan”, our country The development of the region will face new background conditions and new tasks and need to deal with some emerging important issues. Among them, how to curb population growth and improve the quality of the population is one of the problems. Now more and more people have come to realize that human resources are the most important resources in economic and social development. Human resources are made up of people with a certain level of education, health and talent. Underdeveloped areas are often under-developed in culture and education, illiterate and semi-illiterate, compared with developed regions. The average number of scientific and technological personnel per 10,000 people in the western region of China is only one-tenth of that in the eastern region. Naturally, the tendency of the western scientific and technological personnel to flow to the developed regions through various channels is obviously obvious. From the illiterate and semi-illiterate proportions of the population aged 15 and above, except for Xinjiang in the western provinces and autonomous regions is lower than the national average, Chongqing, Sichuan and Shaanxi slightly higher than the national average, the other provinces and autonomous regions are much higher than the national average. This phenomenon is both an outcome of economic backwardness and an obstacle to the next round of economic development. On the other hand, the relatively fast-growing population in underdeveloped areas naturally grew and dragged down economic development. In addition to the natural growth rate of population in Chongqing, Sichuan and Shaanxi in the western region is lower than the national average, the other provinces and autonomous regions were significantly higher than the national average, of which Tibet, Guizhou and Qinghai provinces are higher than the national average of four thousand points the above. The natural population growth is rapid and talent development is relatively slow, and high-quality personnel are still constantly flowing out of the western region,