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【目的】探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-α）、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）水平变化及其临床意义。【方法】选择分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的E H患者各30例，并以30例健康者为对照，用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测血清中TNF-α、NF-κB水平。【结果】EH组血清 TNF-α、NF-κB水平明显高于正常组（ P ＜0．01）；EH不同级间患者血清TNF-α、NF-κB水平均有统计学差异（ P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01），且随病情加重而升高。EH 组及 EH 不同级组 TNF-α水平与 NF-κB水平间均呈正相关（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】TNF-α、NF-κB可能参与EH的发生与进展，监测血清TNF-α、NF-κB水平可作为判断EH病情的指标。“,”[Objective]To explore the changes and clinical significance of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) .[Methods] Patients with gradeⅠ( n=30) ,Ⅱ(n=30) and Ⅲ( n=30) EH were selected .Other 30 healthy patients were selected as the controls .Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of TNF-αand NF-κB .[Results]Serum levels of TNF-αand NF-κB in EH group were obviously higher than those in normal group ( P<0 .01) .There was significant difference in serum levels of TNF-αand NF-κB among patients with different grade of EH ( P<0 .05 or P<0 .01) . Serum levels of TNF-αand NF-κB increased with the exacerbation of EH .Serum levels of TNF-αin EH group and EH groups with different grade were positively correlated with NF-κB( P<0 .05) .[Conclusion] TNF-αand NF-κB may be involved in the incidence and progress of EH .The monitoring of serum TNF-αand NF-κB levels can be used as the indicators for assessing the condition of EH .