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麦蚜是中国北方小麦上最重要的害虫之一,既能直接刺吸危害也可传播多种病毒,但麦蚜通常的危害期只有2～3个月。随着现代农业与设施农业的发展,农业景观结构发生了巨大的改变,整个麦蚜寄生蜂群落也随之发生了显著的变化。经典假说认为复杂的农业景观能够维持局部的物种多样性及种间关系,也能够维持更大的天敌资源。作者在4种不同的麦田景观类型下研究了麦蚜及寄生蜂的群落结构,发现简单农业景观与复杂农业景观中寄生蜂寄生率与多样性差异不显著,但初寄生蜂在800m2左右的生境面积中寄生率与多样性最高,重寄生蜂却并没有表现出这种分布,而在更大的生境中重寄生率与多样性更高。研究结果表明:1)生境面积是影响麦蚜及寄生蜂群落的重要因子,2)简单农业景观与复杂农业景观下麦蚜及寄生蜂群落多样性差异不显著,3)一定程度的生境破碎化能够促进初寄生蜂的种群而抑制重寄生蜂的种群,但高度的生境破碎化会同时抑制2种寄生蜂的种群。
Wheat aphid is one of the most important pests on wheat in northern China. It can not only directly intimidate but also spread a variety of viruses, but wheat aphids usually have a harmful period of only 2 to 3 months. With the development of modern agriculture and facility agriculture, the landscape structure of agriculture has undergone tremendous changes, and the parasitoid community of wheat aphid has also undergone significant changes. The classical hypothesis argues that complex agro-landscapes can sustain local species diversity and interspecific relationships and also sustain greater natural enemy resources. The authors studied the community structure of wheat aphids and parasitic wasps under four different landscape types of wheat fields and found no significant differences in the parasitism rates and diversity among the simple agricultural landscapes and the complex agricultural landscapes. However, The area had the highest parasitism and diversity, but the parasitoid did not show this distribution, whereas in larger habitats, there was a higher prevalence and diversity of parasitism. The results showed that: 1) Habitat area is an important factor affecting wheat aphid and parasitic wasps community; 2) there is no significant difference in the diversity of wheat aphids and parasitic wasps under simple agricultural landscape and complex agricultural landscape; 3) some degree of habitat fragmentation Can promote the population of the initial parasitoids and restrain the populations of the parasitoids, but the high degree of habitat fragmentation can inhibit the population of the two kinds of parasitoids at the same time.