加拿大、意大利、德国等都是灾害多发国家,应急管理工作起步较早。特别是上世纪80年代以来,这些国家均多次经历过伤亡重大、影响深远的特别重大突发公共事件,并在处置过程中逐步完善了应急体制、机制和法律体系,基本形成了符合各自国情的突发公共事件应对体系,积累了许多成功的经验,值得我们学习和借鉴。 Canada, Italy and Germany are all disaster-prone countries. Emergency management work started earlier. Especially since the 1980s, these countries have experienced many major and unexpected public events with heavy casualties and far-reaching effects. In the course of their disposal, these countries gradually improved the emergency system, mechanism and legal system, and basically formed their own national conditions Public emergency response system, has accumulated many successful experiences, it is worth learning and reference.