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针对黄土高原生态环境脆弱,且随着人类工程活动日益频繁,黄土滑坡等地质灾害日益严重的问题,以植物护坡是恢复黄土边坡生态和防治黄土地质灾害的有效手段为依据,基于陕北地区黄土边坡植物调查,统计分析了延安地区黄土边坡植物科属分布及密度,提出了植被群落的结构特点。通过多样性指数分析研究了黄土边坡植物物种多样性特点,并提出了蒿属植物的相对优势度。研究结果表明:陕北地区植物物种多样性处于中等偏下水平,基本符合陕北黄土高原半干旱地区的边坡植被组成特征;延安地区黄土边坡植物主要以耐寒旱及耐贫瘠的品种为主;随着坡度增大和土壤湿度降低,植物数量相应线性减少,但蒿属植物相对优势度相应增大,并提出了坡度与植物数量及坡度与蒿属植物比重间关系的经验公式;蒿属植物是该地区植物护坡和生态重建的潜在优良树种,对黄土边坡稳定性及生态恢复有重要研究价值;最后基于各种影响因素与相对优势度的规律分析,提出了各坡度下适宜的植物种群及相应的附着结构措施,为陕北地区黄土边坡植物防护设计提供了可靠依据。
In view of the fragile ecological environment in the Loess Plateau and the increasingly serious geological disasters such as loess landslides along with the increasing human engineering activities, plant revetment is an effective measure to restore loess slope ecology and prevent loess geological disasters. The investigation of the loess slope plants, the statistic analysis of the flora distribution and density of the loess slope in Yanan area proposed the structural characteristics of the vegetation community. Based on the analysis of diversity index, the characteristics of plant species diversity on the loess slope were studied and the relative dominance of Artemisia was proposed. The results show that the plant species diversity in northern Shaanxi is at a lower level, which is basically in line with the characteristics of the slope vegetation in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. The loess slope vegetation in Yan’an is dominated by the cold-tolerant and barren-tolerant cultivars ; With the increase of slope and the decrease of soil moisture, the number of plants decreased linearly, but the relative dominance of Artemisia increased correspondingly. The empirical formula of the relationship between the slope, plant number and slope and the proportion of Artemisia was proposed. Artemisia Is a potential excellent tree species for plant slope protection and ecological reconstruction in this area, and has important research value on the stability and ecological restoration of loess slope. Finally, based on the regularity analysis of various influencing factors and relative dominance, the suitable plant population And the corresponding attachment structure measures, which provide a reliable basis for plant protection design of loess slope in northern Shaanxi.