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Fallopius于1600年首次报道了应用人工合成生物材料进行颌面整形外科手术。他用黄金板修复颅骨缺损。虽然人工合成生物材料已经应用了数百年,但实践证明理想的材料很少。研制生物相容性材料的主要难点在于人体与材料之间的相互影响非常复杂。一些似乎比较理想的材料,经过长期应用发现他们不能与周围组织保持结合或在体内被降解。医生在应用人工合成生物材料时必须了解材料远期失败的潜在可能性。本文将综述目前国外颌面整形外科应用的人工合成生物材料,并讨论具有广泛应用前景的新材料。
Fallopius first reported in 1600 the use of synthetic biomaterials for maxillofacial plastic surgery. He used a gold plate to repair the skull defect. Although synthetic biomaterials have been used for hundreds of years, few materials have been proven to be ideal. The main difficulty in developing biocompatible materials is that the interaction between the human body and the material is very complicated. Some seemingly ideal materials have found, after prolonged use, that they can not remain in the surrounding tissues or are degraded in the body. Physicians must understand the potential for long-term failure of materials when applying artificial synthetic biomaterials. This article reviews the currently available synthetic materials for maxillofacial surgery in the world and discusses new materials with broad application prospects.